Solutions For

Bushfire Prone Areas

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Using Spantec products in bushfire zones

Bushfires are all too common in Australian with more and more land being zoned as bushfire prone. If you’re building in a bushfire prone area there are additional requirements for building materials that need to be considered.

Design considerations

Spantec products comply with and should be used in conjunction with one of the following standards:

Supporting or attached to timber frame construction: Australian Standard AS 3959 – 2009, Construction of buildings in bushfire-prone areas.

Supporting or attached to Steel frame construction only: NASH STANDARD Steel Framed Construction in Bushfire Areas – 2014

The two standards are distinct, standalone construction solutions and apart from specific cross-references where appropriate, the two standards cannot be “cherry-picked” for specific building elements.

While Spantec products, with few limitations, are equally suitable for inclusion in designs prepared using either AS 3959 or the NASH Bushfire Standard, the information below relates to steel frame construction as per the NASH Standard.

Building Standards

National Association of Steel-framed Housing (NASH) is the industry association representing manufacturers, suppliers and customers of light structural framing systems. All NASH standards for steel house framing are recognised and have been referenced in the National Construction Code (NCC) since 2006.

The NCC performance requirements require residential buildings in a bushfire prone area to be protected from embers, radiant heat and flame contact; safeguard occupants from injury; assist fire fighting and occupant evacuation.

The NASH BUSHFIRE STANDARD provides solutions for steel framed buildings constructed in designated bushfire prone areas based on the Bushfire Attack Level (BAL) as defined in AS 3959. It covers solutions for non-combustible construction of:

  • Steel Floor systems
  • Steel Wall systems including windows and doors
  • Steel Roof systems with steel roof cladding Steel Carports, pergolas, verandahs and decks

Before
After

Slide arrows left and right to see the full image

A house in Rosedale NSW that was rated BAL FZ, known colloquially as flame-zone, survived the 2019-2020 bushfires when all the surrounding houses were destroyed. Aside from some minor damage caused by explosions from nearby houses as they burnt to the ground, it is remarkably untouched.
Read more about this design here.

Bushfire Attack Levels under Australian Standard 3959-2009

The AS 3959 Construction of building in Bushfire prone areas standard has 6 levels of risk of bushfire attack, referred to as Bushfire Attack Levels (BAL). The BAL is a means of measuring the severity of a building’s potential exposure to ember attack, radiant heat and direct flame contact, using increments of radiant heat expressed in kilowatts per metre squared (kW/m2 ), and the basis for establishing the requirements for construction to improve protection of building elements from attack by bushfire.

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Spantec Solutions

  • Decks, verandahs, carports and pergolas (as per NASH STANDARD)
  • Elevated Floors/Sub-floors – Unenclosed (as per NASH STANDARD)
  • Ezipier options for Unenclosed sub-floors in BAL-FZ
  • Elevated Floors/Sub-floors – Enclosed (as per NASH STANDARD)
ElementBAL-12.5, BAL-19, BAL-29 and BAL-40BAL-FZ
Stumps, piers, posts
and columns
Ezipier with adjustable or fixed pier headsNon-combustible.
Ezipier with adjustable or fixed pier heads
Deck bracingEzibraceNon-combustible.
Ezibrace
Bearers and joistsBoxspan Steel floor frames:
• Joist over bearers; or
• In-plane joist and bearers with minimal clearance in accordance with NCC
Non-combustible.
Boxspan Steel floor frames:
• Joist over bearers; or
• In-plane joist and bearers with minimal clearance in accordance with NCC
Decking, flooring,
stairs and stair treads
BAL-12.5 and BAL-19
Less than 300m (measured horizontally at the deck level) from glazing, that is less than 400mm (measured vertically from deck surface) must be non-combustible materials such as; fibre cement flooring, concrete topping slab (Liteslab®).

BAL-29 and BAL-40
Non-combustible such as; fibre cement flooring, concrete topping slab (Liteslab®).
Non-combustible materials such as; fibre cement flooring, concrete topping slab (Liteslab®).
Handrails and balustradesIf less than 300mm (measured horizontally or vertically) to glazed element must be non-combustibleNon-combustible
Rafters, purlins and
roof beams
Boxspan or Colorbeam roof beamsNon-combustible.
Boxspan or Colorbeam roof beams
Roofing• Steel cladding conforming to AS1562.1; or
• Polycarbonate conforming to AS 4256.5; or
• toughened glass
ElementBAL-12.5, BAL-19, BAL-29 and BAL-40BAL-FZ
Piers, stumps, posts and columnsEzipier - with adjustable pier heads• Achieve a FRL of 30/-/- using Intumescent coating; or
• reflective foil wrapping Ezipier with a steel sheeting outer layer and void filled with gravel (Detail 1); or
• enclosed in masonry (Detail 2); or
• enclosed in fibre cement pipe (Detail 3); or
• enclosed in water resistant plasterboard (Detail 4)
Sub-floor bracingEzibrace Systems:
(N1-N3) and (N4 and greater)
The suggested bracing solutions below should be raised with your engineer to design a solution that suits your specific house design and site conditions.

• Embed posts into concrete in addition to unprotected sub-floor cross bracing; or
• Create portal frames within the floor structure as sub-floor bracing; or
• Anchor the floor frame at the low end to a raised concrete footing in addition to unprotected sub-floor bracing; or
• Protect some of the sub-floor bracing bays with non-combustible sheeting, with a minimum quantity to provide stability.
Bearers and joistsBoxspan Raised Ring Beam system or Boxspan in-plane bearers and joistsBoxspan in-plane bearers and joists to allow for lining under bearers and joists.
FlooringTimber or non-combustible flooring. Flooring may be fixed under external wallframes, to the outer edge of frame and bearers.Timber flooring must be laid as a fitted floor with a 10mm gap from the inside face of the external wall frames. Non-combustible flooring may extend to the outer edge of the external wall frames.
InsulationNon-combustible insulation, minimum R-Value 1.5. Held into place with non-combustible brackets/supports.Non-combustible insulation, minimum R-Value 1.5. Supported by under floor lining as noted below.
Under floor liningNot requiredUnderside of bearers and joists lined with flat or profiled steel sheeting (minimum BMT 0.42mm) screw fixed to each joist and bearer with a maximum 600mm joist centres.

Note: Underfloor lining is required in BAL-FZ to protect the flooring and frame from both radiation and flame contact.

Fig 1
Unenclosed Sub-floor detail up to BAL-40
Boxspan Raised Perimeter System
fig-2
Unenclosed Sub-floor detail BAL-FZ
Boxspan Monoplane System (Ezipier details below)

Ezipier options for Unenclosed sub-floors in BAL-FZ

Fig 3
1. Wrapped with Reflective Foil & Steel Sheeting
Fig 4
2. Enclosed in Masonry
(bricks or concrete blocks)
Fig 5
3. Enclosed in fibre cement stormwater pipe
Fig 6
4. Enclosed in water resident plasterboard

Elevated Floors/Sub-floors – Enclosed (as per NASH STANDARD)

EZIDECK


ezideck

It doesn’t get easier than Ezideck. Affordable, Easy and Quick. Allows you both flexibility in design and time saving in construction.

Where the sub-floor frame is enclosed by an external wall down to ground level, no additional requirements apply for the floor system as long as the construction of the wall system complies with AS 3959 for timber framing or Section 3 of NASH STANDARD Steel Framed Construction in Bushfire Areas – 2014 for steel framing .
Ventilation must be provided in accordance with the NCC for your specific climate zone. If the allocated ventilation is more than 10 times the minimum required, the subfloor is considered to be unenclosed and should be designed as such.
Fig 8
Clad Framed External Wall
Fig 7
Masonry Veneer External Wall
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Downloads

NASH standards

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